Number

By the 13th century, Western Arabic numerals were accepted in European mathematical circles (Fibonacci used them in his Liber Abaci). Initially met with resistance, Hindu–Arabic numerals gained wider acceptance in Europe due to their efficiency in arithmetic operations, particularly in banking and trade. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century helped standardize their use, as printed mathematical texts favored this system over Roman numerals. They began to enter common use in the 15th century.^[3] By the end of the 20th century virtually all non-computerized calculations in the world were done with Arabic numerals, which have replaced native numeral systems in most cultures. By the 17th century, the system had become dominant in scientific works, influencing mathematical advancements by figures like Isaac Newton and René Descartes. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the widespread adoption of Arabic numerals facilitated global finance, engineering, and technological developments, forming the foundation for modern computing and digital data representation.:…from Wikipedia